Friday, March 13, 2026

Literature Laureates: The First 75 Years of the Nobel Prize

I am a big fan of the Nobel Prize for Literature. I have carefully tracked down works from every laureate, and read them. (Some were easier than others.) In the early years of the prize, prior to WWII, few notable authors were feted: the omissions of major names is more notable. As such, I wouldn’t be surprised that it was overly focused on Europe and the ‘West’ in those years. 
But the nominees are now public, and that inspired me to do some digging.

Between 1901 and 1975, the most recent year of public nominations, I went through and tracked non-NATO-ish nominees. That is, nominees who weren’t from Europe, the U.S. and Canada, or Australia and New Zealand.


The first nominee to fit this profile was all the way back in 1906. South America dominated in the early years. Asia dominated the later years. Africa was, well into the 1970s, barely represented at all. Without further ado, here’s my data and analysis:


Asia: 60 nominees, total. First winner: Rabindranath Tagore (India), 1913 - first non-NATO-ish winner overall. Other winners nominated in this period: Yasunari Kawabata (Japan), 1961; Kenzaburo Oe (Japan), 1994. Superlatives: First Chinese nomination - 1939; First Japanese nomination - 1947; First Vietnamese nomination - 1969.


South America: 44 nominees, total. First Winner: Gabriela Mistral (Chile), 1945. Other winners nominated in this period: Pablo Neruda (Chile), 1971; Miguel Asturias (Guatemala), 1967; V.S. Naipaul (Trinidad), 2001; Octavio Paz (Mexico), 1990; Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Colombia), 1982. Superlatives: First non-NATO-ish nominee - Pedro Pablo Figueroa (Chile), 1906; First-ever black nominee - Jean Price-Mars (Haiti), 1960.


Africa: 7 nominees, total. First winner: Naguib Mahfouz (Egypt), 1988. Other winners nominated in this period: Nadine Gordimer (South Africa), 1991. Superlatives: First non-NATO-ish nominee: Taha Hussein (Egypt), 1949; First - and only - black African nominee in this period - Leopold Senghor (Senegal), 1963. 


Total Non-NATO-ish Nominees: 111. Total Nobel Literature Nominees: 881.

Total Non-NATO-ish Winners (during this era): 5. Total Nobel Literature Winners (during this era): 74.


Percent of NN-ish winners (from NN-ish nominees): 5/111 = 4%

Percent of NN-ish winners (from total nominees): 5/881 = .5%


Percent of other winners (from other nominees): 69/770= 9%

Percent of other winners (from total nominees): 69/881= 7%


Percent of total winners (from total nominees): 74/881 = 8%


So what conclusions can we draw? First off, if you were a NN-ish candidate, your chances of nomination were lower: only 12% of all nominees were NN-ish. And NN-ish nominees were less likely to win: 4% versus 9% for others. Your overall odds were low - only 8% of nominees ever won - but there was a higher chance if you weren’t an NN-ish nominee.


It also shows that the selection had a strong bias. From the initial NN-ish nominee of 1906, most years there were NN-ish nominees - especially after WWI, and very especially after WWII. Asia picks up significantly towards the end of the run: Between 1965 and 1975 there were 41 nominees. Only 1 of those, Kenzaburo Oe, got the prize. 


Consider other candidates nominated in that ten year span, and the odds are far greater: Gunther Grass (1999), Saul Bellow (1976), Claude Simon (1985), Patrick White (1973), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970), Elias Canetti (1981), William Golding (1983), Odysseas Elytis (1979), Vicente Aleixandre (1977), Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978), Czeslaw Milosz (1980), and Harold Pinter (2005). 12 winners out of ten years of nominations. 


Furthermore, things are particularly bleak for Africa, and black authors generally. Of the 7 African nominees, two were white South Africans, and three were Egyptian. In 1975 Chinua Achebe was nominated, in 1974 Ralph Ellison of the USA, in 1971 James Baldwin of the USA, in 1969 Aime Cesaire, alongside the two aforementioned. A total of 6 nominees out of 881 - around half of one percent. 


Even women - significantly overshadowed - did better: 89 women were nominated (10% of nominees), and 8 women won during this period - roughly twice as likely as the NN-ish nominees’ half a percent who went on to win.

After all this analysis, we can say that 1) far more nominees should have been NN-ish, and that 2) those who were nominated were typically passed over for other nominees from Europe and the United States. This suggests that the Nobel committee’s bias wasn’t due to a lack of nominees – 111 in 75 years, but a cultural bias against people were non-NATO-ish.

Which… I mean, I had sort of assumed, but I’d kept the door open, mentally, that maybe there just weren’t a lot of nominees from South America, Asia, or Africa…? But that turned out to be true only for Africa. This is why I’m now balancing the Nobels with the Neustadt Prize, which does a much, much better job on awarding NN-ish authors: 15/29 – fully half of the laureates. And around 14% are black, and a quarter are women – all more representative of global literature than the Nobel.

Thursday, March 12, 2026

2026 Oscar-Nominated Animated Shorts

Life with a near-two-year-old is rewarding and challenging. One challenge was that I had to forgo my usual theater screening of the animated short nominees. This was a serious bummer, because it's a tradition I hold dear, but scheduling just didn't work out.

As a silver lining, 4 of the 5 shorts are available to watch on YouTube, and, since they're all under 20 minutes, they are easy to access. Here, then, are the four I was able to watch:


Forevergreen


Blehhhhhh. Like The Giving Tree, but somehow even worse? A bear is raised by a tree, and then there's some really heavy-handed Christian symbolism, which, just to hit you over the head, they make even more explicit by quoting the Gospel at the end of the short. Not bad animation, but a hackneyed plot, and a trite tale. I really hope this doesn't win.

Retirement Plan


This seems to be the one the money's on to win, and I can see why: it's legitimately funny, and just poignant enough without straying into cloying. The animation style is nice, too, if not overwhelmingly interesting or anything. Wouldn't mind at all if it won. 

Papillon


A visually impressive undertaking, this tells the real story of a Jewish Middle Eastern man who represented France in swimming in the years leading up to WWII. A sort of Jesse Owens figure, I appreciated the pastels and almost Gaugin-like style, especially when focused on his family and tropics. Would not mind at all if this won.

The Girl Who Cried Pearls


This is a beautiful piece of animation - and visually more captivating than the rest, with a stop-motion marionette style. The story-telling is also possibly the best of the set - although this was an admittedly strong year for three of the four. Slightly rooting for this one, but only a hair more than Retirement Plan and Papillon.

And that's it. If The Three Sisters ends up winning... Well, I guess I'll have to hope they put it online.

NaNoReMo 2026

Late start this year! I was reading a book that was leant to me, the fantastic Wolf Hall, and only just finished it yesterday. So whether I get through my NaNoReMo book by the end of March, or a couple weeks into April - I am giving myself a bit of grace.

NaNoReMo stands for 'National Novel Reading Month' - an idea I came across from the superlative John Wiswell. I do not think he does it anymore, but the premise I still find valuable: Find a novel you've always meant to read, set aside March, and read it. Check that tome off your bucket list, or that genre work you've heard good things about, the classic everyone's supposed to get to - and finish it before the month's end.

This year I am reading The Dispossessed by Ursula K. Le Guin:


Like many a high school student, I was wrecked by her famed short story 'The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas'. Now I am finally going to give her novel-length work a shot, with a sci-fi classic. Wish me luck - and good luck on your own NaNoReMo challenge.

Friday, February 27, 2026

2026 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Nominees and Kennedy Center Honors

Interesting crop of nominees this year: Very few regrettable artists, and, finally, a strong move away from the dad rock inclusions of the recent past, like Bad Company and Foreigner.


Should Get In

Joy Division/New Order – innovators who are overdue

Iron Maiden – Not my jam, but come on

Mariah Carey – Hard to argue against

Lauryn Hill – I’d prefer the Fugees, but absolutely

Wu-Tang Clan – indisputably important rap group

Oasis – one of the most popular and influential 90s rock bands

Melissa Etheridge – more female representation, please… (where is Alanis? Fiona Apple? Liz Phair??)

 

Strong Second-Place – not at all mad if these make it in, instead

Luther Vandross – legendary, and probably overdue, as well

Shakira – Sure! Why not?

Sade – keeps getting nominated, but hasn’t made it yet

Phil Collins – Not my cuppa, but undeniably popular

Jeff Buckley – a brilliant one-album wonder

Pink – I…guess? She’s a Max Martin project, but if you’re going to put one in… It’s sort of like choosing which artists from the Disco era are in there. I mean, you have to have a few…

Billy Idol – he’s fun, good songs, why not

 

Meh/Bleh

INXS – if they get in before Joy Division/New Order, I’ll be annoyed

New Edition – I had to look these guys up – I guess they were influential for bands like Boyz II Men? Do we want to reward that?

The Black Crowes – Seriously, stop trying to make ‘fetch’ happen.

 

MEANWHILE… How’s that Kennedy Center doing?

 

Since the President decided to take it over and ruin it: not well. And now it’s going to be closed for two years, which… I don’t know if they’re even going to have the Honors in 2026. 2025’s weren’t as bad as I’d feared (I speak for the people honored, not the god-awful Trump-emceed farce of a program). Strait was probably the strongest, since Gaynor, Kiss, and Stallone are all pretty second-tier. And Michael Crawford was just weirdly out-of-place.

Unfortunately, one of the legends I wanted to win just passed away: Willie Colon. Salsa, therefore, just lost one of the biggest names that should have been honored. Reflecting these changes, here’s my updated list:

 

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Richards (82), Jagger (82), and Wood (78).

 

1. The Rolling Stones. Essential rock band who recorded Exile on Main Street, Let It Bleed, and Sticky Fingers. Famous songs include “Satisfaction,” “Gimme Shelter,” “Miss You”.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: The Who, Led Zeppelin, The Eagles.

 

Alternate: Public Enemy.

 

 

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Neil Young, 80.

 

2. Neil Young. Singer-songwriter known for his work with Crosby, Stills, and Nash and Crazy Horse. Famous songs include “Heart of Gold,” “Like a Hurricane,” “Rockin’ in the Free World”.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, Bruce Springsteen.

 

Alternate: Van Morrison.

 

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Glenn Close, 78.

 

3. Glenn Close. Iconic actress nominated for eight Oscars, and winner of many Emmys and Tonys. Performances include The Big Chill, Fatal Attraction, and The Wife.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Meryl Streep, Sally Fields, Shirley MacLaine.

 

Alternate: Faye Dunaway.

 

 

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Rueben Blades, 77.

 

5. Rueben Blades. Salsa pioneer – a musical format that is so far unrepresented by the Honors – and one of the last men standing of the famed Fania Records. Winner of a slew of Grammys.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Gloria Estefan, Linda Ronstadt, Wayne Shorter.

 

Alternate: Ismael Miranda.

 

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Alan Menken, 76.

 

4. Alan Menken. Composer of film scores including Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas. EGOT-winner who provided the music for the Disney Renaissance and Broadway shows.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: John Williams, Andrew Lloyd Weber, Stephen Sondheim.

 

Alternate: Hans Zimmer.

 

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Denzel Washington, 71.

 

6. Denzel Washington. One of the finest actors of a generation, winning multiple Oscars, a Tony, and many more. Also was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Sidney Poitier, James Earl Jones, Morgan Freeman.

 

Alternate: Samuel L. Jackson

 

 

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Whoopi Goldberg, 70.

 

7. Whoopi Goldberg. Actress and comedienne from The Sister Act, The Color Purple, Ghost. EGOT winner, now known for her television role on The View.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Lily Tomlin, Carol Burnett, Lucille Ball.

 

Alternate: Julia Louis-Dreyfus.

 

 

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Daniel Day-Lewis, 68.

 

8. Daniel Day-Lewis. Actor from My Left Foot, There Will Be Blood, and Lincoln. Generally regarded as one of the best actors of the past thirty years, with three Oscars.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Tom Hanks, Robert De Niro, Dustin Hoffman.

 

Alternate: Leonardo DiCaprio.

 

 

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Aaron Sorkin, 64.

 

9. Aaron Sorkin. Screenwriter and playwright known for A Few Good Men, The West Wing, and The Social Network. Author known for his quick, witty dialogue and prestige drama movies.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Neil Simon, Norman Lear, Edward Albee.

 

Alternate: Tony Kushner.

 

 

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Audra McDonald, 55.

 

10. Audra McDonald. Broadway actress and singer known for “A Raisin in the Sun,” “Porgy and Bess,” and “Ragtime”. Has won more Tony awards than any other person.

 

Prior Kennedy Center Honorees: Helen Hayes, Mary Martin, Julie Andrews.

 

Alternate: Bernadette Peters.

 

 

Wednesday, December 31, 2025

2025 in Books

Nonfiction


The Monarchy of Fear by Martha Nussbaum

A very good pop philosophy work on why fear is so detrimental for democracies, with some good tips at the end for dealing with America’s crisis… in 2018. Nussbaum is a major writer in philosophy, and this is a bit fluffy at times – with a few wrong notes – but overall worth a read.

On Tyranny by Timothy Snyder                         

Twenty lessons from the twentieth century – a nice little guide of what to look out for, and why the Trump administration is dangerous.


Fiction


Human Acts by Han Kang

The brilliant work of South Korea’s first Nobel Laureate in literature is an account of a massacre during the dictatorship, and the ripples it had through society.

Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner

A Pulitzer-winning work of historical fiction which incorporates real Victorian letters of a remarkable woman, Susan Ward, who was and author and illustrator of the East Coast smart set, who lived much of her life in the wild west with her husband, a mining engineer. The author, her grandson, is also dealing with his own parallel marital struggles, a century later. A worthwhile read.

The Devils by Fyodor Dostoevsky

The fourth of the Russian’s masterpieces, and possibly my second favorite. It’s a bit slow going in parts, and like lots of novels of the era, assumes a level of French I don’t possess. But the characters are good, and the story of a terrorist cell in a provincial town is intriguing.

Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston

Glad to have finally encountered this classic, even if I didn’t get much out of it. The dialect was irksome, and the frame conceit of telling a yarn is appropriate, since that’s really what it is.

Five Indian Masters by Rao, Tagore, Premchand, Anand, and Singh

I wanted to get to know Rao’s work, but this was a bad way to do it. His “short stories” made up half the volume, but all three were excerpts from his novels – and the second made no sense out of context. As for the other authors, I’d read Tagore previously, and his stories were nice. Anand and Premchand were both very moralistic, the former in an annoyingly melodramatic way. Singh’s stories, though, were very good – I wanted to read more.

White Teeth by Zadie Smith

A great, laugh-out-loud, comic novel. The fact that the last joke is played on us, the reader, is slightly irritating, though. That said, the characters are strong, the story is mostly good, and the writing is great.

Women of Algiers in Their Apartment by Assia Djebar

This is a totally fine collection of short stories, collected from the 1950s to 1970s, and a short essay as a coda. I am glad of the perspective of Algerian feminism, but would have preferred more consistent literary quality.

Midnight Stories by Su Tong

As I continue to try to broaden my global literature, China is a region where I’ve not read hardly anything since the 1930s. Su Tong came to prominence for ‘Raise the Red Lanterns’. These short stories are totally fine – they are well-crafted – but have no particular depth to them, with maybe two exceptions.

Black + Blues by Kamau Brathwaite

A nice, short collection of the celebrated Barbadian poet. A few real gems, and the rest all solid.

Oromay by Baalu Girma

An interesting portrait of a disastrous campaign led in the 1980s from Ethiopia against Eritrea. The main character, a state propaganda journalist, sees the disgusting side of war up close, but doesn’t lose faith in the revolution and its cause – only in war and humanity. It’s an unusual take, and it requires a certain naïve simplicity from our narrator that can be a bit wearisome.

Wearing the Lion by John Wiswell

What if Heracles, after his violent trauma, decided not to – or couldn’t – be violent anymore? How does he handle the hydra? The Nemean lion? Wiswell produces another strong work on themes of family, healing, and pathos. A compelling page-turner, the work is so strong it now feels like canon.

Citizen: An American Lyric by Claudia Rankine

This tremendous work of prose poetry essays deals with race in America in a captivating way. Interspersed imagery adds to the powerful reflections of a modern classic.

The Rainbow by D.H. Lawrence

I’d not read Lawrence since Freshman year in college, and didn’t care for him them. So I decided to give him another shot. The writing strikes me as almost bad – poorly constructed. The psychology is, on the other hand, very deft, in parts. And then there’s the tinge of racism not unusual to the time. A very uneven reading experience follows, which is difficult to recommend.

This Earth of Mankind by Pramodeya Ananta Toer

An interesting, if slightly melodramatic, look at the experience of living under 19th century Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia. Caste and race determine everything, rather than ability or merit, which is a profound blow to the protagonist – one of the first natives who manages to achieve a European education.

The Antipeople by Sony Labou Tonsi

This is not good literature – but even finding Congolese novels is a challenge. The narrative structure is odd – particularly with regard to time – and the plot is unpleasant, relying on the terrible ‘falsely accused of rape’ trope to get started. Lastly, the characters aren’t super well-developed, and there’s a lot of tiresome philosophizing. Only if you really want a glimpse into Congolese lit, would I potentially recommend.

Grief is the Thing with Feathers by Max Porter

There were one or two nit-picking missteps – usually around the characters of the boys. But the father and the crow were excellent, and the whole work is well-worth a read as one of the best works of grief I know.

Revolutionary Road by Richard Yates

I suspect, in time, this portrait of 1950s suburbia will become as universally acknowledged as Gatsby is for Long Island in the 20s, or Grapes of Wrath for the dustbowl. Initially, I was concerned this was just another entry in the Bad Husbands Parade (John Updike, Richard Ford, JP Donleavy). Thankfully, it is a much richer work than that, and has more meaningful depth than those other works which try, without success, to capture failing and failed marriages. Moreover, this work captures a particularly important moment in America’s development and identity.

Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri

A great collection of short stories, often focusing on the South Indian diaspora in the greater Boston area. Well-crafted, and enjoyable to read, they are, oddly not super memorable – but still a worthwhile collection of short fiction.

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter by Carson McCullers

I really enjoyed the character work, and the story-telling in this 1940 novel about life in the South. It had all the right themes, and major developments. But, oddly, despite a lot happening… nothing really happens? Which may be the point, but left me a somewhat letdown.

2666 by Roberto Bolano

Split in five sections, four of them seem exemplars of critical darling types: a section on academics trying to solve a mystery, a section on an existential single father, a section on an American black man’s journey of masculinity and identity, and a section on a transformative WWII experience. The fifth section (#4 in the book), however, is a numbing litany of dead women, which, on the one hand, doesn’t fit neatly into the other story’s conventions, but also… was a slog? Bolano is a gifted writer, but it almost felt like he was saying “see? I can do every type of vaunted literature.” Impressive, and probably a worthwhile read, but… left me cold.

Allegria by Giuseppe Ungaretti

A collection of radically modern, moving poems composed during the First World War, which established Ungaretti as a major Italian author.

Selected Poems by Paavo Haavikko

A moderately obscure Finnish poet, once celebrated, Haavikko’s poems are not super memorable, on the whole, with repeating themes that drag even in a slim volume. That said, some of the self-aware poems are striking, and engaging.

Lincoln in the Bardo by George Saunders

Brilliant and innovative, the premise – based on historical fact – is that Lincoln visited his son’s grave the evening he was interred. Remarkably blending the poignant, the comic, and the grieving, a cast of spirits creates an engaging panorama of humanity in what seems destined to be a classic.

Murambi, the Book of Bones by Boudacar Boris Diop

A remarkable account of the Rwandan genocide, especially given the obvious challenges tackling such subject matter. Profound, moving, and expertly crafted, the work made me wonder if it was even possible to write the story any other way.


Graphic Novels

 

Saga vol. 12 by Brian K. Vaughan and Fiona Staples

The saga continues! It’s still a good read – but at the end it underlined just how many characters and arcs I’d forgotten over the years. Once it wraps, I’ll need to do a reread from the start, without the years-long gaps in-between publications.

The Arrival by Shaun Tan

Finally got to enjoy this classic – and found it just as wonderful and worthwhile as everyone else.

Captain America Penguin Classics Marvel Collection

I’ve long been interested in this collection of Marvel titles, having never been a comics reader, and was excited to begin a journey of learning these iconic stories. It was nice to start with punching Nazis, and to see the evolution of the panels and format.

Black Panther Penguin Classics Marvel Collection

If the Captain America collection is designed to give the basic vibes of a character, the Black Panther collection is the opposite: a long, sustained narrative arc. Most of that arc is based on Killmonger (far better in the movies, unfortunately), and a coda, at the end, on the Klan, which was enjoyable. It was interesting to see how the comic came about. The writing, however, is overdone.

 

Top 5 8! Wow!

 

Murambi, The Book of Bones

Lincoln in the Bardo

Revolutionary Road

Grief is the Thing with Feathers

Human Acts

The Arrival

Citizen: An American Lyric

Allegria