Saturday, April 30, 2022

The American Popular Music Canon: Songs

Canons are historically-bounded lists. That’s what’s different between a ‘canon’ and a ‘favorites’ or ‘best’ list. Canons are required to consider the following implications of works of art:

1)      Influence. Did this work make a big splash? Not just was it popular – did it influence the work of others?

2)      Innovation. Did this work do something new? Did it cover new ground? Synthesize previously disparate fields?

3)      Expertise. Is this an example of expertise? Does it stand out as better than the other offerings of its era? Is it exemplary of trends of the era?

Consider the historical implications of the last point, for example. How can you tell that Jimi Hendrix is one of the best guitarists, unless you’re familiar with the context of his playing? In an alternate universe, where everyone was as good as Hendrix, his songs might not be anything special.

Popular music has also shifted a great deal over the past century, in terms of genres. Each genre of popular music has its own canon, after all – rock, jazz, blues, hiphop – but this list blends them all. In the 1960s, for example, Broadway musicals topped the charts. That doesn’t hardly happen now, but a canon would be as remiss to leave them out as to leave out country music, or pop. Only classical music is excluded, as that is, by definition, not ‘popular’. We are also only looking at songs from the recording era – otherwise we’d have to consider tracks like ‘Yankee Doodle Dandy’…

This list is also geographically bounded, as is the case with all histories. It’s a bit like NATO – very Western, and English-dominated. Virtually no non-English songs are included. If this canon was being made in India, or Brazil, it would undoubtedly be very different. But the world is too large to create a song canon for the whole planet.

Basically, this is a canon of the music of the United States. But that includes the non-Americans who meet the canon standard of having a big influence, from The Beatles to Fela Kuti. It is not the list of my personal favorites: there are entrants I don’t much like at all, and many that I love are absent.

So, without further ado, here’s the 500 entries for the American Popular Music Canon for Songs:

In Da Club

 50 Cent

Scenario

 A Tribe Called Quest

Dancing Queen

 ABBA

Highway to Hell

 AC/DC

Back in Black

 AC/DC

Rolling in the Deep

 Adele

Hello

 Adele

Dream On

 Aerosmith

Planet Rock

 Afrika Bambaataa

Take On Me

 a-ha

Love and Happiness

 Al Green

Let’s Stay Together

 Al Green

All I Really Want

 Alanis Morrissette

Ironic

 Alanis Morrissette

Born Under a Bad Sign

 Albert King

School’s Out

 Alice Cooper

Falling

 Alicia Keys

I’ve Got That Old Feeling

 Alison Krauss

Ramblin' Man

 Allman Brothers

Which Side Are You On

 Almanac Singers

Rehab

 Amy Winehouse

Way Down to Hadestown

 Anais Mitchell

Memory

 Andrew Lloyd Weber and TS Eliot

Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy

 Andrews Sisters

House of the Rising Sun

 Animals

No Cars Go

 Arcade Fire

Chain of Fools

 Aretha Franklin

Respect

 Aretha Franklin

Moanin’

 Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers

Wake Me Up

 Avicii

The Weight

 Band

Hazy Shade of Winter

 Bangles

People

 Barbara Streisand

The Thrill is Gone

 BB King

God Only Knows

 Beach Boys

Good Vibrations

 Beach Boys

I Get Around

 Beach Boys

California Girls

 Beach Boys

Help!

 Beatles

Yesterday

 Beatles

In My Life

 Beatles

Eleanor Rigby

 Beatles

Strawberry Fields Forever

 Beatles

While My Guitar Gently Weeps

 Beatles

Hey Jude

 Beatles

Across the Universe

 Beatles

Let It Be

 Beatles

Loser

 Beck

Stayin’ Alive

 Bee Gees

Stand By Me

 Ben E. King

Sing, Sing, Sing

 Benny Goodman

Somewhere

 Bernstein and Sondheim

America

 Bernstein and Sondheim

Nobody Knows You When You’re Down and Out

 Bessie Smith

Single Ladies

 Beyonce

Formation

 Beyoncé

Crazy in Love

 Beyonce feat. Jay Z

Piece of My Heart

 Big Brother and the Holding Company

Shake, Rattle and Roll

 Big Joe Turner

Baby Please Don’t Go

 Big Joe Williams

Rock Around the Clock

 Bill Haley

Blue Moon of Kentucky

 Bill Monroe

Lean on Me

 Bill Withers

Bad Guy

 Billie Eilish

God Bless the Child

 Billie Holiday

Strange Fruit

 Billie Holiday

Piano Man

 Billy Joel

You’re a Grand Old Flag

 Billy Murray

White Christmas

 Bing Crosby

Paranoid

 Black Sabbath

Iron Man

 Black Sabbath

Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground

 Blind Willie Johnson

Statesboro Blues

 Blind Willie McTell

Heart of Glass

 Blondie

Call Me

 Blondie

Don't Fear the Reaper

 Blue Oyster Cult

Bo Diddley

 Bo Diddley

Blowin' in the Wind

 Bob Dylan

The Times They Are A-Changin'

 Bob Dylan

Like a Rolling Stone

 Bob Dylan

Tangled Up in Blue

 Bob Dylan

Three Little Birds

 Bob Marley

Redemption Song

 Bob Marley

No Woman No Cry

 Bob Marley

Hollywood Nights

 Bob Seger

Mack the Knife

 Bobby Darin

If I Were a Rich Man

 Bock and Harnick

Living on a Prayer

 Bon Jovi

Rasputin

 Boney M.

Green Onions

 Booker T and the MGs

Toxic

 Britney Spears

Born to Run

 Bruce Springsteen

Glory Days

 Bruce Springsteen

That'll Be the Day

 Buddy Holly

For What It's Worth

 Buffalo Springfield

Eight Miles High

 Byrds

Minnie the Moocher

 Cab Calloway

Blue Suede Shoes

 Carl Perkins

I Feel the Earth Move

 Carole King

You Make Me Feel Like a Natural Woman

 Carole King

Can the Circle Be Unbroken

 Carter Family

Father and Son

 Cat Stevens

Wild World

 Cat Stevens

Fuck You

 Cee Lo Green

My Heart Will Go On

 Celine Dion

Tequila

 Champs

The Devil Went Down to Georgia

 Charlie Daniels Band

Yardbird Suite

 Charlie Parker

Believe

 Cher

Mr. Sandman

 Chordettes

The Twist

 Chubby Checker

Johnny B. Goode

 Chuck Berry

Roll Over Beethoven

 Chuck Berry

London Calling

 Clash

When You Wish Upon a Star

 Cliff Edwards

Viva La Vida

 Coldplay

Fix You

 Coldplay

Anything Goes

 Cole Porter

Body and Soul

 Coleman Hawkins

April in Paris

 Count Basie

Sunshine Your Love

 Cream

Fortunate Son

 Creedence Clearwater Revival

Suite: Judy Blue Eyes

 Crosby, Stills and Nash

Ohio

 Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young

Superfly

 Curtis Mayfield

Girls Just Want to Have Fun

 Cyndi Lauper

Harder Better Faster Stronger

 Daft Punk

Wagon Wheel

 Darius Rucker

Take Five

 Dave Brubeck

Changes

 David Bowie

Space Oddity

 David Bowie

Heroes

 David Bowie

Me Myself and I

 De La Soul

Ain’t That a Kick in the Head

 Dean Martin

Personal Jesus

 Depeche Mode

Layla

 Derek and the Dominoes

Misirlou

 Dick Dale

Walk on By

 Dionne Warwick

I Say a Little Prayer

 Dionne Warwick

Drift Away

 Dobie Gray

Coat of Many Colors

 Dolly Parton

Jolene

 Dolly Parton

American Pie

 Don McLean

I Feel Love

 Donna Summer

As Time Goes By

 Dooley Wilson

Break On Through

 Doors

Light My Fire

 Doors

Nuthin' but a G Thang

 Dr. Dre feat. Snoop Doggy Dogg

Up on the Roof

 Drifters

Under the Boardwalk

 Drifters

Mood Indigo

 Duke Ellington

It Don’t Mean a Thing If It Ain’t Got That Swing

 Duke Ellington

Hungry Like the Wolf

 Duran Duran

Son of a Preacher Man

 Dusty Springfield

Hotel California

 Eagles

Take it Easy

 Eagles

Shape of You

 Ed Sheeran

Summertime Blues

 Eddie Cochran

Take Me Out to the Ball Game

 Edward Meeker

War

 Edwin Starr

I’ve Got You Under My Skin

 Ella Fitzgerald

Candle in the Wind

 Elton John

Your Song

 Elton John

(What’s So Funny About) Peace, Love and Understanding

 Elvis Costello

Jailhouse Rock

 Elvis Presley

Heartbreak Hotel

 Elvis Presley

Suspicious Minds

 Elvis Presley

Lose Yourself

 Eminem

Stan

 Eminem feat. Dido

Strictly Business

 EPMD

Paid in Full

 Eric B and Rakim

There’s No Business Like Show Business

 Ethel Merman

At Last!

 Etta James

Sweet Dreams

 Eurythmics

Wake Up Little Susie

 Everly Brothers

By Bye Love

 Everly Brothers

Praise You

 Fatboy Slim

Blueberry Hill

 Fats Domino

Walkin’ to New Orleans

 Fats Domino

Ain’t Misbehaving

 Fats Waller

Gentleman

 Fela Kuti

Criminal

 Fiona Apple

In the Still of the Nite

 Five Satins

I Only Have Eyes for You

 Flamingos

Dreams

 Fleetwood Mac

The Landslide

 Fleetwood Mac

Go Your Own Way

 Fleetwood Mac

Reach Out (I'll Be There)

 Four Tops

You Make Me Feel So Young

 Frank Sinatra

My Way

 Frank Sinatra

The Way You Look Tonight

 Fred Astaire

We are Young

 Fun feat. Janelle Monae

Friends in Low Places

 Garth Brooks

Back in the Saddle

 Gene Autry

Deep in the Heart of Texas

 Gene Autry

Singin’ in the Rain

 Gene Kelly

Rhapsody in Blue

 George Gershwin

My Sweet Lord

 George Harrison

He Stopped Loving Her Today

 George Jones

Baker Street

 Gerry Rafferty

Mind Playing Tricks on Me

 Geto Boys

Girl from Ipanema

 Getz and Gilberto

The Revolution Will Not Be Televised

 Gil Scott-Heron

Midnight Train to Georgia

 Gladys Knight and the Pips

In the Mood

 Glenn Miller

Crazy

 Gnarls Barkley

We Got the Beat

 Go-Gos

Feel Good Inc.

 Gorillaz

Somebody That I Used to Know

 Gotye

The Message

 Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five

Truckin

 Grateful Dead

Friend of the Devil

 Grateful Dead

Boulevard of Broken Dreams

 Green Day

Welcome to the Jungle

 Guns n Roses

Sweet Child O' Mine

 Guns n Roses

I’m So Lonesome I Could Cry

 Hank Williams

Hey, Good Lookin'

 Hank Williams

Banana Boat (Day O)

 Harry Belafonte

Big Rock Candy Mountain

 Harry McClintock

Puttin’ on the Ritz

 Harry Richman

Barracuda

 Heart

Moon River

 Henry Mancini and Johnny Mercer

Stardust

 Hoagy Carmichael

Smokestack Lightnin'

 Howlin Wolf

Spoonful

 Howlin Wolf

Let It Go

 Idina Menzel

Lust for Life

 Iggy Pop

Proud Mary

 Ike and Tina Turner

River Deep Mountain High

 Ike and Tina Turner

People Get Ready

 Impressions

If I Didn’t Care

 Ink Spots

God Bless America

 Irving Berlin

Blue Skies

 Irving Kaufman

Shout

 Isley Brothers

Higher and Higher

 Jackie Wilson

Papa's Got a Brand New Bag

 James Brown

I Got You (I Feel Good)

 James Brown

The Charleston

 James P Johnson

Fire and Rain

 James Taylor

Q.U.E.E.N.

 Janelle Monae feat. Erykah Badu

Me and Bobby McGee

 Janis Joplin

99 Problems

 Jay Z

Somebody to Love

 Jefferson Airplane

White Rabbit

 Jefferson Airplane

Great Balls of Fire

 Jerry Lee Lewis

Aqualung

 Jethro Tull

The Rainbow Connection

 Jim Henson (Kermit the Frog)

Little Wing

 Jimi Hendrix Experience

Purple Haze

 Jimi Hendrix Experience

All Along the Watchtower

 Jimi Hendrix Experience

You Are My Sunshine

 Jimmie Davis

Silver Dagger

 Joan Baez

I Love Rock and Roll

 Joan Jett

The Impossible Dream

 Joe Darion and Mitch Leigh

Blue Train

 John Coltrane

Giant Steps

 John Coltrane

Take Me Home Country Roads

 John Denver

Boogie Chillen’

 John Lee Hooker

Imagine

 John Lennon

Ring of Fire

 Johnny Cash

I Walk the Line

 Johnny Cash

Hurt

 Johnny Cash

Seasons of Love

 Jonathan Larson

Big Yellow Taxi

 Joni Mitchell

Help Me

 Joni Mitchell

Both Sides Now

 Joni Mitchell

River

 Joni Mitchell

Don't Stop Believing

 Journey

Love Will Tear Us Apart

 Joy Division

Over the Rainbow

 Judy Garland

Sound of Music

 Julia Andrews

Slow Burn

 Kacey Musgraves

All That Jazz

 Kander and Ebb

Jesus Walks

 Kanye West

Gold Digger

 Kanye West feat. Jamie Foxx

Running Up That Hill

 Kate Bush

Alright

 Kendrick Lamar

Mr. Brightside

 Killers

Louie, Louie

 Kingsmen

Tom Dooley

 Kingston Trio

Waterloo Sunset

 Kinks

Lola

 Kinks

I Want to Rock and Roll All Night

 Kiss

Bad Romance

 Lady Gaga

Summertime Sadness

 Lana Del Rey

Doo Wop (That Thing)

 Lauryn Hill

Where Did You Sleep Last Night (In the Pines)

 Lead Belly

Stairway to Heaven

 Led Zeppelin

Whole Lotta Love

 Led Zeppelin

Stormy Weather

 Lena Horne

Hallelujah

 Leonard Cohen

I Could’ve Danced All Night

 Lerner and Loewe

Vaya con Dios

 Les Paul and Mary Ford

Foggy Mountain Breakdown

 Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs

Old Town Road

 Lil Nas X feat. Billy Ray Cyrus

You’re No Good

 Linda Ronstadt

Wait for It

 Lin-Manuel Miranda

The Room Where It Happens

 Lin-Manuel Miranda

Tutti Frutti

 Little Richard

Long Tall Sally

 Little Richard

Cabaret

 Liza Minelli

Stagger Lee

 Lloyd Price

Royals

 Lorde

Coal Miner's Daughter

 Loretta Lynn

Take a Walk on the Wild Side

 Lou Reed

St. James Infirmary

 Louis Armstrong

Wonderful World

 Louis Armstrong

Summertime

 Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald

Let the Good Times Roll

 Louis Jordan

Jump Jive an’ Wail

 Louis Prima

Despacito

 Luis Fonsi feat. Daddy Yankee

Free Bird

 Lynyrd Skynyrd

Sweet Home Alabama

 Lynyrd Skynyrd

Paper Planes

 M.I.A.

See See Rider

 Ma Rainey

Like a Prayer

 Madonna

Move On Up a Little Higher

 Mahalia Jackson

California Dreamin'

 Mamas and the Papas

All I Want for Christmas is You

 Mariah Carey

Uptown Funk

 Mark Ronson feat. Bruno Mars

Dancing in the Street

 Martha and the Vandellas

What's Going On

 Marvin Gaye

Let’s Get It On

 Marvin Gaye

Heard It Through the Grapevine

 Marvin Gaye

Ain't No Mountain High Enough

 Marvin Gaye feat. Tammi Terrell

Teardrop

 Massive Attack

Every Day I Have the Blues

 Memphis Slim

Mama Tried

 Merle Haggard

Enter Sandman

 Metallica

Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough

 Michael Jackson

Thriller

 Michael Jackson

Billie Jean

 Michael Jackson

So What

 Miles Davis

Pharaoh’s Dance

 Miles Davis

Get Ur Freak On

 Missy Elliott

Work It

 Missy Elliott

Road Runner

 Modern Lovers

Mannish Boy

 Muddy Waters

Hoochie Coochie Man

 Muddy Waters

N.Y. State of Mind

 Nas

Unforgettable

 Nat King Cole

Route 66

 Nat King Cole

The Christmas Song

 Nat King Cole

Sweet Caroline

 Neil Diamond

Heart of Gold

 Neil Young

Rockin’ in the Free World

 Neil Young

Hot in Herre

 Nelly

Blue Monday

 New Order

Mississippi Goddam

 Nina Simone

To Be Young Gifted and Black

 Nina Simone

Closer

 Nine Inch Nails

Smells Like Teen Spirit

 Nirvana

Come As You Are

 Nirvana

Come Away With Me

 Norah Jones

Juicy

 Notorious B.I.G.

Fuck the Police

 NWA

Wonderwall

 Oasis

Love Train

 O'Jays

Counting Stars

 OneRepublic

Sitting on the Dock of the Bay

 Otis Redding

B.O.B.

 Outkast

Hey Ya!

 Outkast

Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof Off the Sucker)

 Parliament

Crazy

 Patsy Cline

Walkin' After Midnight

 Patsy Cline

Gloria

 Patti Smith

Old Man River

 Paul Robeson

Fever

 Peggy Lee

When a Man Loves a Woman

 Percy Sledge

Autumn to May

 Peter, Paul and Mary

Happy

 Pharrell Williams

In the Air Tonight

 Phil Collins

I Ain't Marching Anymore

 Phil Ochs

Wish You Were Here

 Pink Floyd

Another Brick in the Wall pt. 2

 Pink Floyd

This is Love

 PJ Harvey

Every Breath You Take

 Police

Roxanne

 Police

Brass in Pocket

 Pretenders

When Doves Cry

 Prince

Purple Rain

 Prince

A Whiter Shade of Pale

 Procol Harum

Mardi Gras in New Orleans

 Professor Longhair

Bring the Noise

 Public Enemy

Fight the Power

 Public Enemy

Common People

 Pulp

Bohemian Rhapsody

 Queen

We Will Rock You

 Queen

Under Pressure

 Queen feat. David Bowie

Losing My Religion

 R.E.M.

Everybody Hurts

 R.E.M.

Paranoid Android

 Radiohead

Creep

 Radiohead

Blitzkrieg Bop

 Ramones

What'd I Say

 Ray Charles

Georgia on My Mind

 Ray Charles

Fancy

 Reba McEntire

Under the Bridge

 Red Hot Chili Peppers

Ain’t We Got Fun

 Richard Whiting

Super Freak

 Rick James

They Live in You

 Rifkin, Mancia and Lebo M.

Unchained Melody

 Righteous Brothers

You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’

 Righteous Brothers

Disturbia

 Rihanna

Work

 Rihanna feat. Drake

La Bamba

 Ritchie Valens

Hell Hound on my Trail

 Robert Johnson

Cross Road Blues

 Robert Johnson

Killing Me Softly with His Song

 Roberta Flack

Maggie May

 Rod Stewart

Oklahoma

 Rodgers and Hammerstein

Satisfaction

 Rolling Stones

Sympathy for the Devil

 Rolling Stones

Gimme Shelter

 Rolling Stones

You Can't Always Get What You Want

 Rolling Stones

Be My Baby

 Ronettes

Wabash Cannonball

 Roy Acuff

Only the Lonely

 Roy Orbison

Oh Pretty Woman

 Roy Orbison

Walk This Way

 Run DMC

It's Tricky

 Run DMC

Smooth Operator

 Sade

Sweetest Taboo

 Sade

Wonderful World

 Sam Cooke

A Change is Gonna Come

 Sam Cooke

I Got Rhythm

 Sam Lanin

Oye Como Va

 Santana

Love Song

 Sara Bareilles

Misty

 Sarah Vaughan

The Entertainer

 Scott Joplin

God Save the Queen

 Sex Pistols

Anarchy in the UK

 Sex Pistols

Man I Fell Like a Woman

 Shania Twain

You’re Still the One

 Shania Twain

If It Makes You Happy

 Sheryl Crow

Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow

 Shirelles

Sound of Silence

 Simon and Garfunkel

Mrs. Robinson

 Simon and Garfunkel

Bridge Over Troubled Water

 Simon and Garfunkel

Nothing Compares 2 U

 Sinead O’Connor

Dance to the Music

 Sly and the Family Stone

Everyday People

 Sly and the Family Stone

Tracks of My Tears

 Smokey Robinson

Gin and Juice

 Snoop Dogg

Man of Constant Sorrow

 Soggy Bottom Boys

Tumbling Tumbleweeds

 Sons of the Pioneers

Wannabe

 Spice Girls

Ghost Riders in the Sky

 Stan Jones

I’ll Take You There

 Staple Singers

Defying Gravity

 Stephen Schwartz

Send in the Clowns

 Stephen Sondheim

Born to Be Wild

 Steppenwolf

Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours

 Stevie Wonder

You Are the Sunshine of My Life

 Stevie Wonder

Superstition

 Stevie Wonder

Sir Duke

 Stevie Wonder

Search and Destroy

 Stooges

Last Nite

 Strokes

Rapper’s Delight

 Sugarhill Gang

Baby Love

 Supremes

You Keep Me Hanging On

 Supremes

Stop in the Name of Love

 Supremes

Bang a Gong

 T Rex

Once in a Lifetime

 Talking Heads

Shake It Off

 Taylor Swift

All Too Well

 Taylor Swift

Everybody Wants to Rule the World

 Tears for Fears

My Girl

 Temptations

Ain’t Too Proud to Beg

 Temptations

What’s Love Got to Do with It?

 Tina Turner

Waterfalls

 TLC

Free Falling

 Tom Petty

I Left My Heart in San Francisco

 Tony Bennett

Pancho and Lefty

 Townes Van Zandt

Fast Car

 Tracy Chapman

With or Without You

 U2

I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For

 U2

One

 U2

Yeah!

 Usher feat. Lil John and Ludacris

Brown Eyed Girl

 Van Morrison

Moondance

 Van Morrison

I’m Waiting for My Man

 Velvet Underground

Bittersweet Symphony

 Verve

YMCA

 Village People

Honky Tonk Heroes

 Waylon Jennings

St. Louis Blues

 WC Handy

Birdland

 Weather Report

Seven Nation Army

 White Stripes

I Will Always Love You

 Whitney Houston

My Generation

 Who

Baba O’Reilly

 Who

Won’t Get Fooled Again

 Who

Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain

 Willie Nelson

In the Midnight Hour

 Wilson Pickett

Band on the Run

 Wings

See You Again

 Wiz Khalifa

This Land is Your Land

 Woody Guthrie

C.R.E.A.M.

 Wu-Tang Clan

Maps

 Yeah, Yeah, Yeahs

Time of the Season

 Zombies