|
YEAR
|
WINNER
|
NOMINEE WHO SHOULD HAVE WON
|
NON-NOMINATED PERSON WHO SHOULD
HAVE WON
|
|
1901
|
Sully
Prudhomme – Minor French poet
|
Emile
Zola – Major French novelist
|
|
|
1902
|
Theodor
Mommsen – German historian
|
Leo
Tolstoy – Major Russian novelist
|
|
|
1903
|
Bjornstjerne
Bjornson – Minor Norwegian poet
|
Henrik
Ibsen – Major Norwegian playwright
|
|
|
1904
|
Frederic
Mistral – Minor French Poet; Jose Echegaray – Spanish playwright
|
|
Jules
Verne – Major French novelist
|
|
1905
|
Henryk
Sienkiewicz – Polish novelist
|
|
Mark
Twain – Major American novelist
|
|
1906
|
Giosue
Carducci – Italian poet
|
|
H.G.
Wells – Major English novelist*
|
|
1907
|
Rudyard
Kipling – English author
|
|
|
|
1908
|
Rudolph
Eucken – Minor German philosopher
|
|
August
Strindberg – Major Swedish playwright
|
|
1909
|
Selma
Lagerlof – Minor Swedish author
|
|
Joseph
Conrad – Major Polish/English novelist
|
|
1910
|
Paul
von Heyse – Minor German author
|
Thomas
Hardy – Major English novelist
|
|
|
1911
|
Maurice
Maeterlinck – Belgian playwright
|
|
Ruben
Dario – Major Nicaraguan poet
|
|
1912
|
Gerhart
Hauptmann – Major German playwright
|
|
|
|
1913
|
Rabindranath
Tagore – Indian poet
|
|
|
|
1914
|
No
Award
|
|
Marcel
Proust – Major French novelist
|
|
1915
|
Romain
Rolland – French novelist
|
|
|
|
1916
|
Verner
von Heidenstam – Minor Swedish novelist
|
|
Franz
Kafka – Major Czech short story author
|
|
1917
|
Karl
Gjellerup – Minor Danish poet; Henrik Pontoppidan – Danish novelist
|
|
DH
Lawrence – Major English novelist
|
|
1918
|
No
Award
|
|
Ryonosuke
Akutagawa – Major Japanese short story author
|
|
1919
|
Carl
Spitteler – Minor Swiss poet
|
|
Lu
Xun – Major Chinese short story author
|
|
1920
|
Knut
Hamsun – Major Norwegian novelist
|
|
|
|
1921
|
Anatole
France – French novelist
|
|
|
|
1922
|
Jacinto
Benavente – Spanish playwright
|
|
James
Joyce – Major Irish novelist
|
|
1923
|
William
Butler Yeats – Irish poet
|
|
|
|
1924
|
Wladyslaw
Reymont – Minor Polish novelist
|
|
Rainer
Maria Rilke – Major German poet
|
|
1925
|
George
Bernard Shaw – Major Irish playwright
|
|
|
|
1926
|
Grazia
Deledda – Minor Italian author
|
|
F.
Scott Fitzgerald – American novelist
|
|
1927
|
Henri
Bergson – Minor French philosopher
|
Edith
Wharton – American novelist
|
|
|
1928
|
Sigrid Undset – Norwegian
novelist
|
|
|
|
1929
|
Thomas
Mann – Major German novelist
|
|
|
|
1930
|
Sinclair
Lewis – American novelist
|
Paul
Valery – Major French poet
|
|
|
1931
|
Erik
Axel Karlfeldt – Minor Swedish poet
|
|
Federico
Garcia Lorca – Major Spanish poet
|
|
1932
|
John Galsworthy – English
novelist
|
|
|
|
1933
|
Ivan
Bunin – Russian short story author
|
|
|
|
1934
|
Luigi
Pirandello – Major Italian playwright
|
|
|
|
1935
|
No
Award
|
|
Virginia
Woolf – Major English novelist
|
|
1936
|
Eugene
O’Neill – Major American playwright
|
|
|
|
1937
|
Roger
Martin du Gard – French novelist
|
|
|
|
1938
|
Pearl Buck – American novelist
|
|
|
|
1939
|
Frans
Sillanpaa – Finnish novelist
|
|
|
|
1940
|
No
Award
|
|
Cao
Yu – Major Chinese playwright
|
|
1941
|
No
Award
|
|
Aldous
Huxley – Major English novelist*
|
|
1942
|
No
Award
|
|
Jorge
Borges – Major Argentinian short story author*
|
|
1943
|
No
Award
|
|
Arthur
Koestler – Hungarian/English novelist
|
|
1944
|
Johannes
Jensen – Danish novelist
|
|
Bertolt
Brecht – Major German playwright
|
|
1945
|
Gabriela
Mistral – Chilean poet
|
|
|
|
1946
|
Hermann
Hesse – Major German/Swiss novelist
|
|
|
|
1947
|
Andre
Gide – Major French novelist
|
|
|
|
1948
|
T.S.
Eliot – Major English/American poet
|
|
|
|
1949
|
William
Faulkner – Major American novelist
|
|
|
|
1950
|
Bertrand
Russell – English philosopher
|
|
|
|
1951
|
Par
Lagerkvist – Swedish novelist
|
|
|
|
1952
|
Francois Mauriac – French
novelist
|
|
|
|
1953
|
Winston
Churchill – English historian
|
|
Marguerite
Yourcenar – French novelist
|
|
1954
|
Ernest
Hemingway – Major American novelist
|
|
|
|
1955
|
Halldor
Laxness – Icelandic novelist
|
|
|
|
1956
|
Juan
Ramon Jimenez – Spanish poet
|
|
|
|
1957
|
Albert
Camus – Major French novelist
|
|
|
|
1958
|
Boris
Pasternak – Major Russian author
|
|
|
|
1959
|
Salvatore
Quasimodo – Italian poet
|
|
Joao
Guimaraes Rosa – Major Brazilian novelist
|
|
1960
|
Saint-John
Perse – Minor French poet
|
|
Tayeb
Salih – Major Sudanese novelist
|
|
1961
|
Ivo
Andric – Serbian novelist
|
JRR
Tolkien – Major English novelist
|
|
|
1962
|
John
Steinbeck – American novelist
|
Jean
Anouilh – French playwright
|
|
|
1963
|
Giorgios
Seferis – Greek poet
|
Vladimir
Nabokov – Major Russian/American novelist
|
|
|
1964
|
Jean-Paul
Sartre – Major French author
|
|
|
|
1965
|
Mikhail Sholokhov – Russian
novelist
|
|
|
|
1966
|
Shmuel Agnon – Israeli novelist; Nelly Sachs – German poet
|
Paul Celan?? – last year of known nominees
|
|