Tuesday, July 14, 2026

America at 250: Books

The third, and final, list for America’s 250th: 250 books. Plays, novels, children’s books, essays, comics, memoirs, scientific writings, studies: all of it. Besides the typical caveat of one entry per author for maximum diversity, there are two very big caveats to be aware of:

 

1)    American books by American authors. With the exception of Tocqueville, the books selected had to be by American authors, and they had to be, roughly, relevant to America (with a some key exceptions – notably children’s books, sci-fi/fantasy, and comics were given much wider scope). This especially dinged the hard sciences. There are tons of brilliant works in the hard sciences by Americans that… aren’t specifically American in subject. For example, Robert Millikan’s work on the electron doesn’t exactly reflect who we are as a people. Nor does Ben Franklin’s writing on electricity, or Feynman’s superb disentangling of physics. All great books – but not really the scope of this project. An exception was made for Sagan. Which also leads to…

2)    Readability. There are tons of very important American books by American authors that are basically unreadable or, while important in their day, not worth reading now except as curios. Noah Webster’s dictionary, The Joy of Cooking, Sanger’s pamphlets (which are a very mixed bag of good advice and bad)… These aren’t the sorts of things you sit down and read cover to cover. That said, like the movie list, there are a few entries I’ve not read myself, and those are marked with an asterisk. And, as with the music and movie lists – this is an honest accounting. Some of these works have not aged well, and some are, by modern standards, problematic. But that’s who we were. Uncle Tom’s Cabin is part of our cannon, just as much as Frederick Douglass.

 

Without further ado, here are the 250 books:

 

Common Sense, Thomas Paine, 1776

The Federalist, anonymous, 1787

The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin, LL.D., Benjamin Franklin, 1793

History of the Expedition Under the Command of the Captains Lewis and Clark, Meriwether Lewis, 1814

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Washington Irving, 1820

A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier: Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of Joseph Plumb Martin, Joseph Plumb Martin, 1830*

Democracy in America, Alexis de Tocqueville, 1840

On the Art of Teaching, Horace Mann, 1840

The Tell-Tale Heart, Edgar Allan Poe, 1843

Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1844

The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass, 1845

The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850

Moby-Dick; or The Whale, Herman Melville, 1851

Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852

Walden; or Life in the Woods, Henry David Thoreau, 1854

Leaves of Grass, Walt Whitman, 1855

Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs and Conditions of the North American Indians, George Catlin, 1857

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs, 1861*

Selected Speeches, Abraham Lincoln, 1865

Little Women, or Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, Louisa May Alcott, 1868

Two Years Before the Mast and Twenty-Four Years After, Richard Dana Henry Jr., 1869

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, 1884

Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, Ulysses S, Grant, 1886*

Ten Days in a Mad-House, Nellie Bly, 1887

Looking Backward: 2000-1887, Edward Bellamy, 1888

How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis, 1890*

Poems, Emily Dickinson, 1890

The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gillman, 1892

The Significance of the Frontier in American History, Frederick Jackson Turner, 1893

The Mountains of California, John Muir, 1894

The Red Badge of Courage, Stephen Crane, 1895

The Awakening, Kate Chopin, 1899

On a Certain Blindness in Human Beings, William James, 1899

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, L. Frank Baum, 1900

The Call of the Wild, Jack London, 1903

The Ambassadors, Henry James, 1903

The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B. Du Bois, 1903

The History of Standard Oil, Ida Tarbell, 1904*

The Jungle, Upton Sinclair, 1906

The Education of Henry Adams, Henry Adams, 1907

Tarzan of the Apes, Edgar Rice Burroughs, 1914

Winesburg, Ohio: A Group of Tales of Ohio Small-Town Life, Sherwood Anderson, 1919

Main Street, Sinclair Lewis, 1920

The Age of Innocence, Edith Wharton, 1920*

American Indian Stories, Zitkala-Sa, 1921

The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1925

The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes, 1925

Death Comes for the Archbishop, Willa Cather, 1927

Red Harvest, Dashiell Hammett, 1929

The Sound and the Fury, William Faulkner, 1929

Tobacco Road, Erskine Caldwell, 1932

Tropic of Cancer, Henry Miller, 1934*

Appointment in Samarra, John O’Hara, 1934

War is a Racket, Smedley D. Butler, 1935

The Story of Ferdinand, Munro Leaf, 1936

Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston, 1937

Vertigo, Lynd Ward, 1937

Our Town: A Play, Thornton Wilder, 1938

Experience and Education, John Dewey, 1938

American Photographs, Walker Evans, 1938

The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck, 1939

The Big Sleep, Raymond Chandler, 1939

For Whom the Bell Tolls, Ernest Hemingway, 1940*

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, Carson McCullers, 1940

Native Son, Richard Wright, 1940

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Betty Smith, 1943

The Iceman Cometh, Eugene O'Neill, 1946*

All the King’s Men, Robert Penn Warren, 1946

A Streetcar Named Desire, Tennessee Williams, 1947

Goodnight Moon, Margaret Wise Brown, 1947

The Lottery, Shirley Jackson, 1948

The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell, 1949*

A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold, 1949

The Sheltering Sky, Paul Bowles, 1949

I Robot, Isaac Asimov, 1950

The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger, 1951

Charlotte's Web, E.B. White, 1952

Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison, 1952

The Crucible, Arthur Miller, 1953

Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury, 1953

Go Tell It on the Mountain, James Baldwin, 1953

The Adventures of Augie March, Saul Bellow, 1953

A Good Man is Hard to Find and Other Stories, Flannery O’Connor, 1955

Eloise, Kay Thompson and Hilary Knight, 1955

Inherit the Wind, Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee, 1955

Howl, Allen Ginsberg, 1956

On the Road, Jack Kerouac, 1957

The Assistant, Bernard Malamud, 1957

Dynamics of Faith, Paul Tillich, 1957

The Americans, Robert Frank, 1958

A Coney Island of the Mind, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, 1958

A Canticle for Liebowitz, Walter M. Miller Jr., 1959

Naked Lunch, William Burroughs, 1959

To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee, 1960

Black Maria, Charles Addams, 1960

This Is the American Earth, Ansel Adams and Nancy Newhall, 1960

Revolutionary Road, Richard Yates, 1961

The Moviegoer, Walker Percy, 1961

Catch-22, Joseph Heller, 1961

Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Edward Albee, 1962

A Wrinkle in Time, Madeleine L'Engle, 1962

Pale Fire, Vladimir Nabokov, 1962

Silent Spring, Rachel Carson, 1962

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Ken Kesey, 1962

The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan, 1963*

Where the Wild Things Are, Maurice Sendak, 1963

Twentysix Gasoline Stations, Ed Ruscha, 1963

Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr., 1963

Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Hannah Arendt, 1963

The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Malcolm X and Alex Haley, 1965*

In Cold Blood, Truman Capote, 1966*

The Crying of Lot 49, Thomas Pynchon, 1966

Best Story Book Ever, Richard Scarry, 1967

The Double Helix, James D. Watson, 1968

Slouching Towards Bethlehem, Joan Didion, 1968

Desert Solitaire, Edward Abbey, 1968

Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death, Kurt Vonnegut, 1969

Ubik, Philip K. Dick, 1969

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou, 1969

Portnoy’s Complaint, Philip Roth, 1969

Are You There God? It’s Me Margaret, Judy Blume, 1970

Charlie Brown and Snoopy, Charles M. Schulz, 1970

Deliverance, James Dickey, 1970*

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West, Dee Brown, 1970*

Carrie, Stephen King, 1971*

The Lorax, Dr. Seuss, 1971

Rules for Radicals, Saul Alinsky, 1971

Angle of Repose, Wallace Stegner, 1971

Encounters with the Archdruid, John McPhee, 1971

The Monster at the End of This Book, Jon Stone and Michael Smollin, 1971

Hope for the Flowers, Trina Paulus, 1972

Diane Arbus: An Aperture Monograph, Diane Arbus, 1972

A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories, Isaac Bashevis Singer, 1973

Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72, Hunter S. Thompson, 1973

The Island of the Skog, Steven Kellogg, 1973

The Princess Bride: S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure – The "Good Parts" Version, William Goldman, 1973

The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas, Ursula K. Le Guin, 1973

Obedience to Authority, Stanley Milgram, 1974

Pilgrim at Tinker Creek, Annie Dillard, 1974

Ragtime, E.L. Doctorow, 1975

Tuck Everlasting, Natalie Babbit, 1975

Bridge to Terabithia, Katherine Paterson, 1977

A Contract with God, Will Eisner, 1978

Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Judi and Ron Barrett, 1978

Little Monster’s Mother Goose, Mercer Mayer, 1979

Cosmos, Carl Sagan, 1980

Amphigorey, Edward Gorey, 1980

Housekeeping, Marilynne Robinson, 1980

A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn, 1980*

Miss Rumphius, Barbara Cooney, 1982

The River Why, David James Duncan, 1983

Ironweed, William Kennedy, 1983

Sister Outsider, Audre Lorde, 1984

Neuromancer, William Gibson, 1984

Ender’s Game, Orson Scott Card, 1985

Blood Meridian, Cormac McCarthy, 1985

In the American West, Richard Avedon, 1985

Fences, August Wilson, 1985

City of Glass, Paul Auster, 1985

Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez, 1986

The Dark Knight Returns, Frank Miller, 1986

The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe, Jane Wagner, 1986

Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, Gloria E. Anzaldua, 1987

Beloved, Toni Morrison, 1987

That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession, Peter Novick, 1988

The Talking Eggs, Robert D. San Souci and Jerry Pinkney, 1989

The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan, 1989

Hershel and the Hanukkah Goblins, Eric Kimmel and Trina Schart Hyman, 1989

The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien, 1990

Jurassic Park, Michael Crichton, 1990

Maus, Art Spiegelman, 1991

Tuesday, David Weisner, 1991

Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, Tony Kushner, 1992

Deep Thoughts: inspiration for the uninspired, Jack Handey, 1992

Ishmael, Daniel Quinn, 1992

The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, Sherman Alexie, 1993

Parable of the Sower, Octavia Butler, 1993

The Giver, Lois Lowry, 1993

Culture and Imperialism, Edward Said, 1993

The Happy Hocky Family, Lane Smith, 1993

Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art, Scott McCloud, 1993

From Dictatorship to Democracy: A Conceptual Framework for Liberation, Gene Sharp, 1994

Lies My Teacher Told Me, James Loewen, 1995

Jerry Uellsmann: Photo Synthesis, Jerry Uellsmann, 1996

Infinite Jest, David Foster Wallace, 1996

Falling Up, Shel Silverstein, 1996

Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache, Keith H. Basso, 1996

Half Past Autumn: A Retrospective, Gordon Parks, 1997

Three Seductive Ideas, Jerome Kagan, 1998

The Long Hard Road Out of Hell, Marilyn Manson, 1998

Dog’s Best Friend, Mark O’Hare, 1999

Interpreter of Maladies, Jhumpa Lahiri, 1999

2 ¼, William Eggleston, 1999

House of Leaves, Mark Z. Danielewski, 2000

The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference, Malcolm Gladwell, 2000

David Boring, Daniel Clowes, 2000

Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid on Earth, Chris Ware, 2000

From These Ashes: The Complete Short SF of Fredric Brown, Fredric Brown, 2001

Affluenza: The All-Consuming Epidemic, John De Graaf, David Wann and Thomas H. Naylor, 2001

Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, Eric Schlosser, 2001

Life Is Strange and So Are You: A Bizarro Sunday Treasury, Dan Piraro, 2001

The Corrections, Jonathan Franzen, 2001

Down to Earth: Nature’s Role in American History, Ted Steinberg, 2002

The Baloonists, Eula Biss, 2002

Krazy & Ignatz in "There Is A Heppy Lend Furfur A-Waay": 1925–1926, George Herriman, 2002

The Boulevard of Broken Dreams, Kim Deitch, 2002

A Right to be Hostile, Aaron McGruder, 2003

The Complete Far Side, Gary Larson, 2003

Don’t Let Pigeon Drive the Bus, Mo Willems, 2003

Why Societies Need Dissent, Cass Sunstein, 2003

Blankets, Craig Thompson, 2003

Ariel: The Restored Version, Sylvia Plath, 2004

Bone, Jeff Smith, 2004

Little Nemo in Slumberland: So Many Splendid Sundays!, Winsor McCay, 2005

The Complete Calvin and Hobbes, Bill Watterson, 2005

Magic for Beginners, Kelly Link, 2005

Zen Shorts, Jon J. Muth, 2005

Black Hole, Charles Burns, 2005

The Annotated Archy and Mehitabel, Don Marquis, 2006

Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic, Alison Bechdel, 2006

Averno, Louise Gluck, 2006

August: Osage County, Tracy Letts, 2007

Y: The Last Man, Brian K. Vaughan and Pia Guerra, 2008

Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan, Kim Phillips-Fein, 2009

Copper, Kazu Kibuishi, 2010

Alfred Steiglitz: New York, Bonnie Yochelson, 2010

Thinking Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, 2011

Bloom County: The Complete Library, Berkeley Breathed, 2012

Beyond Outrage: What Has Gone Wrong with Our Economy and Our Democracy and How to Fix It, Robert Reich, 2012

The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America, George Packer, 2013

The Tomorrow Girl and Other Stories, A. Senna Diaz, 2013

Hyperbole and a Half: Unfortunate Situations, Flawed Coping Mechanisms, Mayhem, and Other Things That Happened, Allie Brosh, 2013

Six Amendments: How and Why We Should Change the Constitution, John Paul Stevens, 2014

Here, Richard McGuire, 2014

Citizen: An American Lyric, Claudia Rankine, 2014

Between the World and Me, Ta-Nehisi Coates, 2015

Last Stop on Market Street, Matt de La Pena and Christian Robinson, 2015

The Underground Railroad, Colson Whitehead, 2016

Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right, Jane Mayer, 2016

Lincoln in the Bardo, George Saunders, 2017

These Truths: A History of the United States, Jill Lepore, 2018

The Fifth Risk, Michael Lewis, 2018

The Monarchy of Fear: A Philosopher Looks at Our Political Crisis, Martha Nussbaum, 2018

The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power, Shoshana Zuboff, 2018

Sabrina, Nick Drnaso, 2018

How to Be an Antiracist, Ibram X. Kendi, 2019

Strange Planet, Nathan W. Pyle, 2019

The Ministry for the Future, Kim Stanley Robinson, 2020

Black Panther: Penguin Classics Marvel Collection, Don McGregor et al, 2022

Fight Oligarchy, Bernie Sanders, 2025

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